Population density estimates and conservation concern for clouded leopards Neofelis nebulosa, marbled cats Pardofelis marmorata and tigers Panthera tigris in Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary, Sagaing, Myanmar

The clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa is a potent ambassador species for conservation, occurring from the Himalayan foothills eastwards to Indochina, between which Myanmar is a biogeographical land bridge. In Myanmar’s Northern Forest Complex, the species co-occurs with the tiger Panthera tigris, leopard Panthera pardus, marbled cat Pardofelis marmorata, golden cat Catopuma temminckii and leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis. We deployed cameras within the Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary over  consecutive years. In – we deployed  camera stations around the Nam Pa Gon stream (Catchment ) for , trap days. In – we deployed  camera stations around theNamEZu stream (Catchment ) for , trap days. In Catchment  we identified five tigers from  detections, five clouded leopards from  detections ( photographs) and  marbled cats from  detections. Using Bayesian-based spatial capture–recapture we estimated the densities of tigers and clouded leopards to be . ± SD . and . ± SD . individuals per  km, respectively. In Catchment  we identified two tigers from three detections, nine clouded leopards from  detections and marbled cats from detections.Densities of clouded leopards and marbled cats were . ± SD . and . ± SD . individuals per  km, respectively. These differences suggest that human activities, in particular gold mining, are affecting felid populations, and these are a paramount concern in Htamanthi. We demonstrate the importance of Htamanthi within the Northern Forest Complex and highlight the Yawbawmee corridor as a candidate for protection.